Class: Primary 2
Term: Third Term
Week: 1
Subject: English Language
Topic: Consonant Digraphs (ch, sh, th, wh, ph)
Duration: 40 Minutes
Lesson Objectives
l By the end of this lesson, the pupils should be able to:
l Identify and state the sound made by the digraphs ch, sh, th, wh, and ph.
l Read and pronounce target practice words: chair, ship, thin, when, phone.
l Sort given words accurately into their correct digraph families.
l Build and spell simple words containing these consonant digraphs.
Instructional Materials
l Flashcards with the digraphs (ch, sh, th, wh, ph) written in bold.
l Picture cards matching the keywords (chair, ship, thin, clock/time for when, phone).
l Letter tiles or movable alphabet blocks for word building.
l Pocket chart or a clearly partitioned chalkboard for sorting activities.
Presentation Steps
Step 1: Introduction to Digraphs (10 Minutes)
l Write the letters c and h separately on the board. Ask pupils to make their individual sounds ($/c/$ and $/h/$).
l Explain that sometimes, two letters hold hands to become best friends. When they do, they make one completely new sound. This is called a digraph.
l Write ch together on the board and introduce its new sound. Do the same for the remaining four digraphs, practicing the mouth shapes together:
Digraph | Action / Sound Guide |
ch | Sounds like a train chugging: /ch/, /ch/, /ch/ |
sh | Put a finger to your lips to say "be quiet": /shhhhh/ |
th | Stick your tongue out just a little bit between your teeth: /th/ |
wh | Blow a little bit of air out, like the wind: /wh/ |
ph | Sounds exactly like the letter f: /fff/ |
Step 2: Word Practice & Guided Reading (10 Minutes)
Display the flashcards alongside their corresponding picture cards. Teach the target words using the Look, Say, Blend method:
1. ch + air = chair (Point to a classroom chair)
2. sh + ip = ship (Show a picture of a large boat on water)
3. th + in = thin (Show a picture of a thin book versus a thick book)
4. wh + en = when (Point to a clock or calendar to explain time)
5. ph + one = phone (Mimic holding a telephone to the ear)
Step 3: Sorting Activity (10 Minutes)
Draw a large 5-column grid on the chalkboard, labeling each column with one of the digraphs. Write a mixed pool of words on the side and have individual pupils come up to write or place them in the correct column.
The Digraph Sorting Sorting Board
ch | sh | th | wh | ph |
chair | ship | thin | when | phone |
chop | shop | than | white | photo |
chin | fish | path | whale | graph |
Step 4: Word Building & Spelling (10 Minutes)
Place mixed letter tiles on the table or write scrambled letters on the board (e.g., r a i h c).
Call out a clue: "Build the word for something we sit on!"
Guide the pupils to pull the digraph ch first, followed by the remaining sounds to spell c-h-a-i-r.
Repeat the process for s-h-i-p and p-h-o-n-e, emphasizing that even though they hear a /f/ sound in phone, they must write the partners p and h.
Evaluation / Classwork
Have the pupils copy and complete the following exercises in their exercise books:
Exercise A: Fill in the missing digraph (ch, sh, th, wh, ph)
Clean your shoes before you step onto the ____air.
The large ____ip sails on the blue sea.
My uncle called me on his smart____one.____en will the school bell ring for recess?
A piece of paper is very ____in.
Exercise B: Circle the digraph inside each word
brush
photo
chin
wheel
math
Teacher's Reflection & Lesson Closing
Wrap-up: Run a quick flashcard drill. Flash sh, ch, th, wh, ph rapidly and have the entire class shout the corresponding sound together.
Observation Note: Keep an eye on pupils who substitute the ph digraph with a literal 'f' during the spelling phase, and gently remind them of the "letters holding hands" rule.
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